Central Siberia Weather Data Corroborates Rapid Warming by
Hydroelectric Arctic Mega Power Plants
Since the 1950s, Arctic mega power stations (AMPs) have been built in the
watersheds of almost all of the major rivers flowing into the Arctic’s coastal
seas and James and Hudson Bays. Their combined spring freshet energy force,
which, for millennia helped power ocean currents and shape world climate, has
been suddenly and markedly attenuated by flow regulation. Also, these human
regulated dam releases have suppressed the spring and summer flows and
increased the cold season flow volumes. This has created for the first time in
the geologic history of the cryosphere, warmer wintertime ice-free river flow.

Between 1956 to 1972, the Soviet Union built five hydroelectric AMPS, the
Krasnoyarsk on the Yenisei, the Irkutsk and Bratsk on the Angara River, and the
Novosibirsk and Bukhtarma on the Irtysh and Ob Rivers, respectively. This heat
polluting Soviet experiment although smaller in scale than their earlier plans, was
overwhelmingly successful. The magnitude of heat trapping water vapor emissions
caused annual average winter temperatures to suddenly and rapidly increase as was
recorded at nearby weather stations (See Figures 1-3). The Tomsk station is near the
Novosibirsk AMPS which was commissioned in 1957 (see Figure 4)



The distance between Dikson weather station and Krasnoyarsk AMPS is about 1,200
miles. For perspective, the distance between the Tomsk weather station and
Novosibirsk hydroelectric AMPS is about 150 miles.
By the 1970’s, there were various newspaper reports confirming the validity of the
Russian hypothesis. For example, “after the completion of the Bratsk power station…
The Bratsk Dam and others like it along the Angara have warmed up central Siberia by
at least 10 degrees in the past 10 years.” (Huge Man-made lakes warming up Siberia by
John Dornberg and published in the Miami Herald on September 14, 1975)
Typically, the icy cold water of a river’s spring run-off equals about one half of its
annual discharge into its estuary. These hypolimnion-release dams often seize 50 to
75% of the ice cold spring runoff waters where the summer sun’s energy is captured
and stored in the AMPS’s inland sea sized reservoirs. Thermal stratification of the
reservoirs water column commences the first summer and creates water temperatures
of about 39 degrees Fahrenheit year-round in perpetuity below the thermocline. This is
the transition layer between the warmer and colder water. The water in the regulated
dam releases is from below the thermocline. This deep warmer water is called the
hypolimnion.
The volume of the regulated winter hypolimnial discharges from these dams
produces downstream winter flows 24/7 commonly 4 to 8 times greater than the colder
pre-dam flows. These increased winter discharges of much warmer water have
thermally contaminated our northern regions with possible strong global climate
implications. For example, after the Krasnoyarsk Dam was built on Siberia’s Yenisei
River, its larger and warmer discharges prevent the Yenisei from freezing over for up to
190 miles downstream of its hydroelectric turbines. With the presence of Siberia’s
cascading dams, like on the Angara and Yenisei, vast sections of these continent
crossing rivers are no longer locked in ice during the long winter months.
A conversation is long overdue on the question of whether forced water vapor
emissions and regulated hypolimnia flows unleashed by the AMPS are driving
mechanisms warming Siberia and the Arctic’s coastal seas, and a major driver of global
climate change.
SMK,rdw arcticbluedeserts.com AMPS Essay 3 by Steve Kasprzak 9-1–202
HUMAN ENGINEERED WINTER WATER VAPOR EMISSIONS
Are they a major driver of Arctic Warming?
If increased water vapor emissions from hydroelectric Arctic Mega Power Plants
(AMPS) have warmed its climate, then you would expect that the regional annual
precipitation near these AMPS would have also increased.
The Novosibirsk (1957 AMPS) is on the Ob River and the Tomsk weather station is
in close proximity. The trend line for its annual precipitation was basically flat from1880
to 1960 and has sharply risen since then. (See Figure 1)

Siberian winter air temperatures are much colder than the AMPS’s regulated warm discharges. The large difference between the temperature between these cold Siberian air temperatures and the relatively warm (39 degrees Farenheit) dam discharges supports
much higher winter evaporation rates and precipitation amounts. Average Tomsk
summer (May- October) precipitation totals have slightly increased between
1880-2020 and in sharp contrast, since 1957, the six months winter average for (January-April and November, December) has rapidly increased (see Figures 2 and 3).


The attempt to weaken the Siberian High was revealed in the United States via a
March 3,1958 article by William J. Perkins entitled “Soviets Plan Reversing Rivers,
Melting Arctic to Warm Siberia” which appeared in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
“The vast arid, cold steppes of eastern Siberia are the home of a vast high- pressure
system of intense cold air, called the Siberian High. Western scientists believe that if
Russia is able to alter the character of the ground over which this high pressure system
is located, the character of the air mass itself will change.
Russia officially appears to share this view. In outlining, last August, a project now
believed to be underway to divert the flow of two great Siberian rivers from the Arctic
Ocean to form a vast inland sea among the arid steppes of central Asia, Moscow radio
boasted: “Astonishing climatic changes would occur. . . evaporation (from the
inland sea) would increase and with it the humidity of the air. The extremes of
yearly and daily temperature characteristics of these would be greatly modified. The
rivers that would be diverted under the Russian plan announced that August were the
Ob and Yenisei.” (emphasis by S. Kasprzak)
The Krasnoyarsk (1972) AMPS is on the Yenisei River and, as happened at the
Tomsk weather Station, the pre and post dam total summer precipitation was basically
unchanged. (See Figure 4)
However, its forced winter water vapor emissions have almost doubled the pre-
AMPS average winter precipitation of about 3 inches to almost 6 inches post AMPS.
(See Figure 5)
It would appear that forced winter water vapor emissions are a major driver of Arctic
warming because the increased annual average temperatures and precipitation totals
are occurring almost instantaneously after the commissioning of the AMPS.


SMK/rdw arcticbluedeserts.com AMPS Essay 4 by S.Kasprzak 10-31–2023
Is There Another Mechanism Driving Arctic Warming?
There has to be another driver, besides increased carbon emissions, to cause such
a radical change in Dikson’s annual average temperature trend lines. I believe, the
mechanism is water vapor emissions, a powerful greenhouse gas. In the 1950’s, the
Soviets announced at the United Nations its intention to use evaporation from its Arctic
mega power plants (AMPS) to rapidly warm the Arctic climate. (See Figures 1 and 2)

Dikson is Russia’s northern most settlement and one of the fastest warming regions
on Earth. It is situated on the Kara Sea near the mouth of the Yenisei River. The climate
of this Arctic desert tundra region was rapidly cooling until human interventions in the
hydrological cycle created a major tipping point in 1957. The cooling trend abruptly
ended with unprecedented warming ever since.
My book, Arctic Blue Deserts, brought to the forefront a now viable Russian
hypothesis for warming the climate. Analysis of Arctic weather data from NOAA’s global
climatological collection, exposes how human experimentation with the hydrological
cycle on Arctic rivers caused what appears to be a cataclysmic and irreversible turning point in its climate.